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自閉癥的自傷行為

2007/3/14 15:32:12 來源:不詳 作者:佚名 字體: 發表評論 打印此文


自傷行為 (self-injuious behaviors, SIB)
一. 類型
1. 打自己 (打臉, 撞頭, 打頭, 掐脖子)
2. 咬或吸吮某些部位身體 (咬手指, 咬手臂)
3. 捏, 刮, 戳, 或拉某些部位身體 (戳眼睛, 拔頭發, 拉耳朵)
4. 重復嘔吐或反芻食物
5. 吃不該吃的東西 (吃香煙, 吃糞便)
二. 成因
1. 社會性注意增強, 別人語文或非與文的增強
2. 原級性增強 (食物, 游戲, 玩具的獲得)
3. 躲避 (avoid) 或逃離 (escape) 不喜歡的事物
4. 自我感官回饋
三. 處理策略
1. 前導刺激, 環境改變
2. 區別增強適當行為 (DRA), 區別增強其它行為 (DRO)
3. Premack 原則, 老祖母原則
4. 替代性功能性溝通訓練 (alternative, functional communication training)
5. 過度矯正 (overcorrection)
6. 消弱 (extinction)
7. 隔離 (time-out)
8. 引導順從 (guided compliance)
9. 肢體約束 (physical restraint)
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