譯者自述:以下是我3歲的兒子在美國接受rdi訓練法時的部分材料。我將其翻譯出來與你們共享:
闡述性交流(declarative communication)是利用語言來提供機會分享經驗的。當一個人進行闡述性交流時, 目的是與其它人分享想法、透視、想法, 和預言。非語言的闡述性交流方式包含著很多信息。使用闡述性交流的人心扉對別人敞開,把別人觀察到的增加到他們已有的知識中。在自然里,它的知識不斷累積。對闡述性交流的反應是不能強記的, 也無法由開始闡述性交流的人設定好固定的模式 。闡述性交流可以是自我導向的(self-directed) 。當一個人使用自我導向式的闡述性交流時, 他們使之有助于調控他們自己的想法和行動。當我們計劃將來, 回憶過去, 解決疑難問題, 或期望未來時, 我們就是在使用自我導向式的闡述性交流。
指令性交流, 相反地, 是意味一個事件的結束。指令性交流要求對正確和錯誤作出反應。對指令性交流的反應是一種固定的模式, 是可以預知的。非語言性的交往和情感信息的分享在指令性交流里是不重要的。指令性交流實際上是實用主義似的。它包括:命令、以固定方式提問,提示, 和請求等。
通常認為闡述性交流與指令性交流的比率應為80/20。
下列是不同的類型一些闡述性交流的例子:
評論 (COMMENTS)
我真喜歡玩汽車。(I really like playing with cars.) 我們去麥當勞吃了午餐。(We went to McDonald’s for lunch.) 我喜歡咱們扔石頭時水花四濺的樣子。(I like the way the water splashes when we throw in the rocks.) 那吵鬧聲可真是太大了。(That was a really loud noise.) 他跌倒了,還受了傷。(He got hurt when he fell.)
聲明 (DECLARATIONS)
今天是我的生日。(Today is my birthday.) 我來試試,看能不能贏。(I am going to try and win.) 我不喜歡他大聲喊叫。(I don’t like when he yells.) 我們贏了! (We won!) 我想扮演牛仔。(I want to play cowboys.)
預言 (PREDICTIONS)
我賭紅車會贏。(I bet the red car wins.) 兔子正心不在焉, 烏龜有可能會先跑到那兒。(The rabbit is not paying attention, so probably the turtle will get there first.) 今天是星期二, 因此我打賭有薄餅為午餐。(Today is Tuesday, so I bet there is pizza for lunch.) 我認為爸爸一定會喜歡這個! (I think Daddy is really going to like this!)
反映 (REFLECTIONS)
史密斯女士給我們的款待真是棒極了。(It was really nice of Ms. Smith to give us a treat.) 你畫的圖顏色很好。(You made a colorful picture.) 他跑得極快。(He is a super fast runner.) 我喜歡我們同時拍手。I liked when we clapped at the same time. 那一個可真不錯! (That was a really good one!) 我記得我們曾經去海灘還撿了一些貝殼。(I remember when we went to the beach and found some shells.) 那天天氣可真好。(It was such a nice day.)
邀請 (INVITATIONS)
我們下一步該做什么?(What should we do next?) 接下來我們可以玩(汽)車...(We could play cars next…) 我能讓我的(汽車)跑得飛快!(I can make mine go super fast!) 您要不要玩我的賽車? (注意:答復可以是或否。因而是宣示性的)(Would you like to play with my race cars? (declarative if it is ok for the answer to be no)
嘗試規則(ATTEMPTS AT REGULATION)
嘿, 那玩意兒對我來說太快了。(Hey, that one was too fast for me.) 您把我給忘掉了! (You forgot about me!) 希望輪到我來玩玩。(I would like a turn.) 看來杰克想試試。(Jack looks like he wants to try.)
自控(SELF REGULATION)
我能做! (I can do it!) 我需要慢下來再試試。(I need to slow down and try again.) 如果他給我一個機會, 我會試試的。(If he gives me a turn, I will try it.) 哎呀! 我忘記給她了。(Oops! I forgot to give that to her.)
共享經歷(SHARED NARRATIVE)
很有趣, 我想知道下一步會怎樣。(That’s so funny, I wonder what will happen next.) 你最初下山了, 現在汽車來了! (First you went down the hill, now here comes the cars!) 如果那里有妖怪, 我們該怎么辦? (If the monster is in there, what should we do?) 我們怎么能使爸爸生日時讓他大吃一驚? (How could we surprise Daddy for his birthday?)
自我經歷(SELF NARRATIVE)
當妖怪從豆豆袋中跳出來時, 我就把球扔給他! (When the monster popped out from the bean bags, I threw a ball at him!) 去教會之后, 我們早餐吃了蛋。(After we went to church, we had eggs for breakfast.) 我喜歡他們。(I liked them.) 走進來前, 我要脫鞋,掛好我的夾克。(Before I come inside, I will take off my shoes and hang up my jacket.)
熱情(ENTHUSIASM)
我們成功了! (Woo! We did it!) 我們干得真漂亮! (We are awesome!) 嘿呀! 那真疼! (Ouch! That hurt!) 噢, 我真害怕! (Oh, I am so scared!) 支持 (SUPPORT) 你能做好的! (You can do it!) 她真是一個很好的籃球手! (She is a really good basketball player!) 你下次就能干好了! (You’ll get it next time!) 我可以幫你干那件事嗎? (Can I help you with that?)
公告(ANNOUNCEMENTS)
我們今天去公園。(We are going to the park today.) 您的拼寫測試成績好極了. (You did a great job on your spelling test.) 我會要一些冰淇凌。(I would like some ice cream.) 綠色是我喜愛的顏色。(My favorite color is green.)
透視分享 (PERSPECTIVE SHARING)
我不喜歡Scooby Doo滑稽狗 。(I don’t like Scooby Doo.) 蕩秋千使我的肚子感到很舒服。(Going on the swings makes my tummy feel funny.) 那本書很難讀懂。(That book was hard to read.) 我怕狗叫。(It scares me when the dog barks.)
闡述性問題 (DECLARATIVE QUESTIONS)
如果你已經知道答案, 那問題就不是闡述性的。(If you already know the answer, the question is not declarative.) 你知道我是怎么想的嗎? (Do you know what I think?) 為什么我們不一起試試那個呢? (Why don’t we try that together?) 我想知道如果我們把這兩個東西合在一起會怎么樣呢? (I wonder what will happen if we mix these two things together?) 你最喜愛哪個呢? (Which one is your favorite?) 你覺得怎么樣...? (What do you think about…?)
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